1 Samuel 1:6
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 1:6
6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 1 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, love, wisdom. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-28: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 1:6
6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb.
Analysis
Peninnah's role as Hannah's 'adversary' (Hebrew: tsarah, also meaning 'rival wife') introduces a pattern of provocation. The verb 'provoked' (ka'as) indicates deliberate, repeated irritation designed to cause grief. Her cruelty exploited Hannah's deepest wound and turned joyful worship occasions into times of torment. This domestic persecution mirrors the spiritual opposition believers face from the enemy who attacks at points of vulnerability. Yet God uses such trials to drive His people toward desperate dependence on Him.
Historical Context
The term tsarah specifically describes a rival wife in a polygamous marriage, highlighting the inherent tension in such arrangements. Ancient Near Eastern texts also document conflicts between co-wives competing for status through fertility.
Reflection
- How do you respond when others exploit your vulnerabilities or areas of perceived failure?
- What spiritual lessons might God be teaching through the provocations you face?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Leviticus 18:18, Job 6:14, 24:21